Styles of love
Other psychologists speak of contemporary styles of love. For expmpler, Clyde and Susan Hendrick (1986) of Texas Tech University developed a love-attitude scale that suggests the existence of six styles of love among college students. Following is a list of the styles, with items that identigy the style and are similar to the actual items on the love-attitude scale. As you will see ,current conceptions of love still owe a debt to the ancient Greesk:
1.Eros, or romantic love, “my lover fits my ideal,” “My lover and I were attracted to one another immediately.”
2.Ludus, or game-playing love. “I keep my lover up in the air about my commitment,” “I get over lover affairs pretty easily”
3.Storge, or friendship-love. “The best love grows out of an enduring friendship.”
4.Pragma; pragmatic or logical love. “I consider a lover’s potential in life before commiting myself,” “I consider whether my lover will be a good parent.”
5.mania, or possessive, excited love. “I get so excited about my love that I cannot sleep,” “when my lover ignores me I get sick all over.”
6.Agape, or selfless love. “I would do anything I can to help my lover,” “My lover’s needs and wishs are more important than my own.”
爱的风格
其他一些心理学家谈及了当代的爱的风格或类型。例如1986德克萨斯技术工学院做的一项关于爱情态度调查表明大学生当中存在6种风格的爱。
1.Eros即浪漫的爱。“我的爱人是我的梦中情人”“我和我的爱人一见钟情”
2.Ludus即游戏式的爱。“我让对方摸不准我有多投入”“我能很容易地从失恋中恢复”
3.Storge即友谊式的爱。“最好的爱成长于持久的友谊中”
4.Pragma即实用式的爱。“我在投入一段感情之前，我会先***虑他的生活的潜力”“我会***虑我的爱人是否能成为好的父母”
5.mania即占有式的***式的爱。“我对我的爱情兴奋的不能入睡”“当我的爱人不理我时，我会一病不起”
6.Agape即无私的爱。“为了帮助我的爱人我愿意做任何事情”“爱人的需求和愿望比我自己的还重要”The Formula for Happiness 幸福方程式
A pair of British researchers said Monday they had worked out a simple equation to quantify happiness that could put an exact figure on the emotional state.
两名英国科学家1月6日宣布他们发现了一个量化幸福的方程式, 可以用具体的数值来描述情感的状态。
After interviewing 1000 people, the researchers -- a psychologist and a self-styled "life coach" -- concluded that happiness equals P + 5E + 3H.
在对1000名男女作了跟踪研究后，科学家推导出了幸福方程式：幸福=P+5E+3H。
n the equation, P stands for Personal Characteristics (outlook on life, adaptability and resilience); E for Existence (health, friendships and financial stability) and H represents Higher Order (self-esteem, expectations and ambitions).
其中P代表个人性格（包括人生观、适应力和忍耐力）；E代表生存需求（包括健康、友谊和财富），而H则表示***级心理需求（包括自尊、自我期许和抱负）。
The scientists asked interviewees -- a mix of men and women all over 18 years old -- to choose five scenarios that made them more happy or less happy from a list of 80 different situations. They also asked a series of questions about their own natures, outlooks and situations.
心理学家让实验人群--18岁以上的1000名男女--从80个不同的情境中挑出5个让他们觉得幸福或不幸福的要素，还分别就他们的性格、抱负等问***进行了询问。
Not surprisingly, the results showed that men and women found happiness in different ways.
不出意料，结果显示男性和女性的幸福观大相径庭。
Sunny weather, being with family and losing weight were more of an influence on women's happiness, while romance, sex, hobbies and victories by their favorite sports teams were more important to men.
对女性来说，晴朗的天气、甜蜜的家庭时光、减肥成功都是幸福的源泉。而男性则更看重罗曼蒂克的爱情、性、兴趣爱好和心仪球队的胜利。
The study was commissioned by a holiday company that wanted to understand what made people happier.
这一调查是由一家英国假日公司委托进行的。该公司想要了解如何让人们更有幸福感。
中国日报网站译PEOPLE ARE BORN WITH CONFIDENCE
Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.
New research shows that part of those feelings are in the genes.
Psychologists have long known that people confident in their ability to control their destinies are more likely to adjust well to growing old than those who feel that they drift on the currents of fate.
Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report that such confidence, or lark of it, is partly genetic and partly drawn from experience.
They also found that the belief in blind luck-a conviction that coincidence plays a big role in life is something learned in life and has nothing to do with heredity.
The research was conducted at the Karolinska Institute-better known as the body that annually awards the Nobel Prize for medicine by Nancy Pedersen of the Institute and Margaret Gatz, a professor of psychology at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Their results were recently published in the United States in the Journal of Gerontology.
People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an "internal locus of control,"and have a better chance of being well adjusted in their old age, said Pedersen.
An "external locus of control," believing that outside forces determine the course of life, has been linked to depression in latter years, she said.
"We are trying to understand what makes people different. What makes some people age gracefully and others have a more difficult time?" she said.
The study showed that while people have an inborn predilection toward independence and self-confidence, about 70 percent of this personality trait is affected by a person's environment and lifetime experiences.
Pedersen's studies, with various collaborators, probe the aging process by comparing sets of twins, both identical and fraternal, many of whom were separated at an early age.
The subjects were drawn from a roster first compiled about 30 years ago registering all twins born in Sweden since 1886. The complete list, which was extended in 1971, has 95,000 sets of twins.
研究表明：自信是天生的
有些人天生相信他们是自我生命的主宰，其他人则觉得他们受到命运的支配。
一项新的研究发现这些感觉部份来自基因。
心理学家早就知道有信心掌握自己命运的人比那些觉得自己是受命运摆布的人更能适应老化。
两位研究学家在询问了好几百对瑞典的双胞胎后报告说，这种信心，或是信心的缺乏，一部份是与基因有关，另一部份则是来自经验的累积。
他们同时发现，相信盲目运气的人--认为巧合在生命中扮演一个很重要的角色--是在生活过程中学习而来的，与遗传毫无关系。
这项研究是在卡洛林司卡机构里进行的。这个机构亦是每年颁赠诺贝尔医学奖的团体。该研究是由此机构的南西•皮德森与洛杉矶南加大的心理学教授玛格丽特•贾兹所主持，他们这项研究结果最近在美国老年学的期刊上登出。
皮德森说，对自己掌握生命的能力有信心的人有一种‘内在控制的基因位点’，比较能够适应老年期。
她说，相信外在力量决定生命之旅的‘外在控制的基因位点’与晚年沮丧的情绪有关。
她说：‘我们想了解人与人之间相异的原因是什么。是什么原因使有些人安然悠哉地步入晚年，而有些人则比较困难?’
这项研究显示，有人能够拥有天生的自信与独立，而百分之七十有这种个性的人，会受到环境与一生的经验所影响。
皮德森的研究，囊括了许多不同的研究学者，从事双胞胎的比较，并探讨老化的过程。这些同卵及异卵双胞胎有许多都在很小的时候就分开了。
研究对象是由一本三十年前编纂的名册所抽出。这本名册登记有自一八八六年以降，所有在瑞典出生的双胞胎。这份完整的名单—直延续到一九七一年，共行几万五千对双胞胎。 |
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发表于 2008-4-5 10:10
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