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【话题】如何宣传中国?

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发表于 2010-8-5 20:05 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
今年国庆节前,一部全新的国家形象宣传片将在国际主流媒体,面向世界观众播放,片长30秒,将由姚明等50多位中国各界名人来诠释中国形象。
其实国家形象宣传又叫做“国家营销”,从超级大国到弹丸小国,都在以各种方式对外塑造自己的国家形象,虽然目的不一样,有的国家侧重吸引游客,有的侧重在自己的政治形象或者影响力方面。

  那么中国的国家形象应该侧重哪方面的宣传,这样一部主打名人牌的宣传片又是否足以担此重任呢?
中国国家形象在国外误解很多,需要宣传

           从历史看,中国国家形象很“空洞”

  所谓国家形象,其实是一个美国学者提出来的非常学术的词语,通俗的说,它是一个双方面的东西,就是一个国家认为自己该是什么样的,并且按照这个方向来塑造形象,另一方面,则是其它国家的民众认为这个国家是什么样的,两相结合就是国家形象了。

  长期以来,中国对外宣传都会强调历史悠久、博大精深、神秘古老。这会给外国人造成中国“难解之谜”的印象。神秘化就意味着会被边缘化。比如,在不少美国国民的心中,说起中国就是饺子和功夫,说到对中国人的印象就是勤劳勇敢,中国的形象还是一个空洞的概念,而且这个概念,还没有和落后松绑。



         从现在看,中国国家形象有负面化倾向

据BBC国际台赞助的一项民意调查显示,国际社会对中国的印象在2008年有转为负面化倾向,法国、德国、西班牙、意大利和英国、日本、菲律宾、土耳其以及埃及对中国的看法都有大幅恶化趋势。 而在09年的这项调查之中,中国的形象有所回升,但是在其它27个受调查的国家之中,12个国家对中国有正面印象,12个国家对中国感觉负面,另外3个国家正负双方基本持平。所以也并不高。

2008年,芝加哥全球事务委员会(www.ccfr.org)在全球范围内做了一个关于亚洲国家软实力的民意调查,调查发现,近10年来,无论是从相对的还是绝对的角度来看,中国在美国民众心中的形象都在持续下跌。



          负面化原因:政治、文化领域的正面形象不够

  中央党校台港澳与国际关系研究室副主任赵磊分别于去年2~3月和今年1~4月到加拿大、英国、比利时等国进行有关中国形象的国际调研。在他看来,2008年,中国举办了奥运会,得到了“无以伦比”的称赞,可是在BBC的调查中,中国的国家形象却变差了,其中,很大程度上是含有三聚氰胺的乳制品给中国降了分。原因很简单,食品安全与每个人息息相关。可见,民生问题是多么地重要,不止是国家大事关系到国家的“面子工程”。

  而如果从政治、经济、文化领域来分析,中国的经济发展有目共睹。而在政治上来说,国际上主流媒体关于中国的报道可谓天天有,但是正面的就非常少了。中国政治的现实和美国民众的主流价值观诸如民主、自由、平等还相差甚远。从文化上看,也是如此,多数外国人知道的只是大熊猫、功夫等等。却不像好莱坞电影,轻轻松松便掠走了好多人心。

因此,我们可以得出一个结论,中国的国家形象当然需要推广,但是目前这种国家宣传片的形式是否能够达到效果呢?



          两部国家形象宣传片,主题都不在点子上

             本次宣传片主题:用名人诠释“中国人”新面貌

   根据项目的总策划人朱幼光介绍,这次开拍的国家形象宣传片,分为30秒的《人物篇》和15分钟的《角度篇》。在《人物篇》的创意架构中,是由约50人的中国科技界、体育界、金融界、思想界、企业界等领域名人,按一组组的群像出现,来诠释祖国形象。出现的名人包括李嘉诚、王建宙、李彦宏、马云、丁磊、郎平、邓亚萍、姚明、刘翔、丁俊晖、陈鲁豫、马艳丽等等,旨在以“中国人”概念打造中国形象。换而言之,就是摄制组所请来的这五十位名人,代表的是“中国人”的形象。



            但是五十名人中的大多数却不具备世界知名度

    在北京奥运会结束后不久,一家美国媒体搞了个调查,在纽约华尔街上随机采访一些路人,请他们说出3个著名中国人的名字,无论古今。受访者中,有近 1/3的人一个也说不出来;另有1/3的人勉强答出了“毛泽东”;只有1/3的人能说出3个人名,且其中多数已不在世。


可见虽然这五十人在中国都是家喻户晓,但是除了姚明等少数人而外,诸如陈鲁豫、马艳丽等人也很难说在国际上享有多高的知名度。而著名媒体人王利芬还指出,这五十个人都活在当下,有的人还非常年轻,他们的后半辈子还是一个未知数,很难保证在他们身上负面的事情不会发生,这样也会让国家形象的阐释出现歧义。…[详细]此话不假,例如唐骏,曾经是许多年轻人的偶像,可是学历门却让他曾经的许多崇拜者们都黯然神伤。既然是代表国家的形象,人物的选择当然更应该慎重。

            去年的宣传片:感觉更像是“中国代工”的广告

  事实上,在去年年底,中国就已经有过一个国家形象宣传片在CNN播放。这部名为《中国制造》的宣传片以“中国制造,世界合作”作为主题,由商务部推动,四家行业协会直接投资制作。这个广告片强调中国企业为生产高质量的产品,正不断与海外各公司加强合作,但是好像并没有表达出本质的东西,如果我们只是国外品牌的这些设计软件,那么他们本身就会为自己品牌的质量负责,所以会对中国生产他们品牌的产品进行严格的控制。而片中并没有出现一个知名的民族品牌,反倒是IPOD和一位法国模特,感觉更像是“中国代工”的广告。所以这样一个广告也充满了争议,不太成功。



            什么样的宣传片可能会在国外受欢迎

              草根视野比精英主义更打动人

  去年年底,美国《时代》杂志就把“中国工人”评为年度人物,理由是,中国经济顺利实现“保八”拉动世界经济,首先要归功于中国千千万万勤劳坚韧的普通工人。在《时代》杂志看来,中国工人最有资格来代言当今中国。可见,草根视野往往才是国外媒体和观众关注的角度。

无独有偶,在人民网所做的一个“你认为谁在国家形象宣传片中不可或缺”的调查中,有60%以上的人选择了默默无闻的普通中国人。为何国家形象宣传片不能打草根牌呢。精英当然是真实的,但是更为真实的应该是一个13亿普通民众的中国。



             表达方式和宣传渠道应更加多元化

  事实上,很多国家都在推国家形象广告,但是方式和渠道都相当都多元化,而不是仅仅局限于CNN和BBC。比如,俄罗斯曾经花钱买在《华盛顿邮报》刊登了12页的广告增刊,宣传俄罗斯景色的优美、人民的幸福;一方面表达俄罗斯人的民族自豪感,另一方面表达对美国人的友好之情。俄罗斯还专门设计了一张广告图片,上面是一个俄罗斯黑熊拥抱着美国明星梦露,以美国人喜爱的幽默方式进行国家形象的广告宣传。而日本等国家,则会有很多以旅游作为主打的国家形象宣传片,甚至时任日本首相小泉纯一郎也亲自上阵。南非世界杯的时候,南非为了宣传自己的国家形象,曾经选择过用国家形象广告设计比赛,在互联网上与网友互动,效果非常好。




              成功经验告诉我们,最重要的还是内在

                    提高对国际社会的内在认识很重要

  赵磊回来后写文感慨,深切感受到中国形象的复杂性以及提升中国形象的迫切性。主要存在两个问题:第一,中国人对自己的看法和世界对中国的看法之间存在巨大的差距。在很多情况下,中国人认为自己是在做好事,可是国际社会却认为中国在做坏事。比如在非洲,我们帮助一些国家修建大型水电工程,却遭到了当地和国际环保组织的强烈反对。第二,国际社会对中国依然比较陌生,由此导致了对中国的误解甚至担忧。一些西方国家总是把中国定义为一个陌生、奇妙的世界,用他们的想象来界定中国。

所以说国家形象的塑造不仅是要改变别的国家对中国的看法,也要提升中国人对世界的看法,比如同样一件事情,我们认为是好事,但是可能很多外国民众并不认可这么做,所以了解他们怎么想的很重要,这样才能做到所谓价值观的输出。



                德国的成功经验:包容+耐心+文化输出+客观真实=一个良好的国家形象

  BBC举行的国家形象调查中德国已经连续两年蝉联冠军,而在美国《时代》周刊举行的调查中,德国也是在日本之后排在第二。

一个国家良好的国家形象莫过于有很多人认同,愿意到这个国家来生活,而事实上德国正是如此。今年世界杯的时候,充满朝气的德国队一举夺得季军,让人印象最深刻的还是这是支“移民球队”,大名单里的23名球员,其中有11个没有德国血统。这是因为移民德国能够享受到从小学到大学全部免费的教育等诸多福利,能够被充分包容,而获得身份的认同感。

实际上二战之后,德国的国家形象一落千丈,德国人非常耐心地改善自己的形象,德国始终致力于全面客观地介绍德国,不回避问题,以提高可信度,避免“宣传”色彩,立足长远,在世界范围内争取人心,扩大德国在国际政治和经济中的影响力。它们不回避二战中对本国及世界人民所犯下的罪行,这是德国获得世界人民认可、并受到尊重的重要原因。当然,德国人也非常地重视国家形象宣传,但是它们更多地是通过文化,组织“德国文化年”,资助艺术、影视、图书出版、戏剧、音乐、体育、文物保护、宗教等领域的对外活动,加强与民间文化机构的合作进行文化宣传,这就是德国人所做的努力。我们所熟悉的歌德学院,就是其中很好的例子。

所以德国的经验告诉我们,一个国家的形象塑造是一个长期的过程,并且应该立足于全面客观,避免“宣传色彩”。而当一个国家内在修行好了,国家形象自然也就提升了。




结语:子曰: 夫如是,故远人不服,则修文德以来之,既来之,则安之。所以,提升国家形象,还是要从自己身上找原因,要修文化、立道德,才有可能建立一个具体生动、丰富活泼的国民形象。
发表于 2010-8-5 21:05 | 显示全部楼层
我马上就把它翻译成外文,让老外知道我们是费多大功夫来宣传中国的
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发表于 2010-8-5 21:08 | 显示全部楼层
National Day of this year before a new national image in the international mainstream media promo will face the world viewers, 30-second film will be Yao Ming, etc. more than 50 Chinese celebrities for interpreting the image.
In fact, publicity image of the country also known as "national market", from the superpowers to the small country, in various ways in shaping their country's external image, although not the same purpose, some countries focus on attracting tourists, some on their own political aspects of the image or influence.

  So China's national image should be focused on what the publicity, so that a flagship brand of videos celebrities whether it be sufficient to undertake this important task?
China's national image abroad misunderstanding, we need the publicity

           From a historical perspective, China's national image is "empty"
  The so-called national image, in fact, an American scholar put forward a very academic word, popular to say that it is a two-way thing, is a country that is what he himself, and in accordance with this direction to shape the image of the other regard, it is the people of other countries that what this country is, the two combined is the image of the country.
  For a long time, China's foreign publicity will emphasize a long history, profound, mysterious and ancient. This will give foreigners cause China's "conundrum" impression. Mystery means will be marginalized. For example, in the minds of many American citizens, talking about China is the dumplings and kung fu, said the Chinese people the impression that the industrious and brave, China's image is an empty concept, and this concept has not and backward relaxation.


         From now on, China's national image have a negative tendency
According to BBC international platform to an opinion poll sponsored by the international community the impression that China has turned negative in 2008, the tendency, France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom, Japan, Philippines, Turkey and Egypt are the views of China a substantial deterioration. In this investigation in 2009, China's image rebounded, but in the other 27 surveyed countries, 12 countries have a positive impression of China, 12 countries, the negative feeling in China, another three State the positive and negative sides flat. So it is not high.
In 2008, the Chicago Global Affairs Commission (www.ccfr.org) in a global scale and the strength of the Asian National Soft opinion poll found, nearly 10 years, either from Xiangdui's still an absolute point of view, China image in the minds of the American people are in decline.


          Negative of reasons: political, cultural, not a positive image of the field
  Central Party School, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao and Zhao Lei, deputy director of the International Relations Research In last 2 ~ 3 months and 1 April this year to Canada, Britain, Belgium and other countries about China's image in international research. In his view, in 2008, China hosted the Olympic Games, was "unparalleled" in the praise, but in the BBC survey, China's national image has deteriorated, and which, largely milk containing melamine products to the Chinese drop the points. The reason is simple, food safety is closely related with each person. Shows how important is the people's livelihood, not just national issues related to the country's "prestige projects."
  And if the political, economic and cultural fields to analyze China's economic development for all to see. In politics, the international mainstream media reports on China can be said there every day, but the positive is very less. China's political reality and the mainstream of American public values such as democracy, freedom, equality still far. From the cultural point of view, too, most foreigners know only the giant panda, kung fu and so on. But unlike Hollywood, they made off with a lot of easy people.
Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that China's national image, of course need to promote, but the current form of the API whether the country can achieve results?


          Promo image of two countries, not in ideas on the theme

             The API Topic: Interpretation of famous "Chinese" new face
   According to the project's chief planner who Zhuyou Guang, during the filming of the national image videos, divided into 30 seconds of "Personages" and 15 minutes of "perspective papers." In the "Personages" creative structure is about 50 people from the Chinese science and technology, sports, financial, thinkers, business and other areas of celebrities, according to mere lists of Images appear, to interpret the image of the motherland. Celebrities appear, including Li Ka-shing, Wang, Robin Li, Ma, Ding Lei, Lang Ping, Deng, Yao Ming, Liu Xiang, Ding, Chen Luyu, Ma Yanli, etc., designed to "Chinese" concept to build China's image. In other words, is the crew are invited to this 50 celebrities, representatives of "Chinese people" image.


            But the 50 celebrities in the world most do not have the visibility
    Shortly after the Beijing Olympics, a U.S. media out of a survey, random interview on Wall Street in New York, some of passers-by, asking them to tell three well-known Chinese names, both ancient and modern. Respondents, nearly 1 / 3 of people who could not utter a; another 1 / 3 of people who reluctantly come floor of the "Mao"; only 1 / 3 of people who can speak three personal names, and most of them have been not alive.

Shows that although 50 people in China are known, but Yao Ming and a few other people in addition to suits, such as Chen Luyu, Ma Yanli, who is also very difficult to say how much enjoyed international fame. Joint of the well-known media people also pointed out that the 50 individuals living in the moment, some people still very young, they are still unknown after the rest of my life, it is difficult to ensure the negative things in their possession does not occur, which would also allow countries Image interpretation is a discrepancy.... [More]is true, for example, Tang Jun, who is the idol for many young people, but education was the door left him many admirers have felt dejected. As the representative of the country's image, the choice of people should be careful of course.

            Last year's commercials: feeling more like a "foundry in China," the ad
  In fact, last year, China already had a national image of the videos in the CNN broadcast. Film called "China" promo "Made in China, the world's cooperation" as the theme, by the Ministry of Commerce to promote the four trade associations making direct investments. The commercials emphasize the Chinese enterprises to produce high quality of products, is ongoing dialogue with Haiwai the Gongsijiajiang cooperation, Danshihaoxiang and Chu Mei You express the essence of things, if we Zhishi foreign brands Zhexiesheji software, Nametamen own will as their own brand responsible for the quality, so will China's production of their branded products is strictly controlled. The film did not see a well-known national brand, but rather IPOD and a French model, feels more like a "foundry in China," the ad. So this ad is full of controversy, with little success.


            What kind of videos may be popular in foreign countries

              Grass-roots perspective touched people more than elitism
  Late last year, the U.S. "Time" magazine put "Chinese workers" as Person of the Year on the grounds that the successful implementation of China's economy, "Paul 8" pull the world economy, first of all thanks to the tenacity of ordinary Chinese workers, thousands of hard-working. In the "Time" magazine's view, China's most qualified to speak for the workers in China today. Shows that grass-roots perspective is often of concern to foreign media and audience perspective.
Similarly, in the People's Network has done a "Who do you think the national image of the indispensable API" survey, more than 60% of people chose obscure ordinary Chinese people. Why not play the national image of the grass-roots promo cards do. The elite is certainly true, but even more true should be a general population of 1.3 billion Chinese.


             Expression and communication channels should be more diversified
  In fact, many countries are promoting the national image advertising, but all means and channels are quite diverse, not just limited to CNN and the BBC. For example, Russia had to pay for the "Washington Post" published a 12-page advertising supplement to promote the Russian view of the beautiful, the people's happiness; on one hand of the Russian national pride and to express the friendly Americans feelings. Russia has also designed a special advertising picture above is a Russian bear hug with the U.S. star Marilyn Monroe, to the humorous way Americans love the country's image advertising. Japan and other countries, then there will be many countries with tourism as a main image of commercials, even when he was Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi personally into battle. When the World Cup in South Africa, South Africa to promote its national image, was chosen to match with the national image advertising, the Internet and interactive users, the effect is very good.



              Successful experience tells us that the most important thing is the internal

                    Raise awareness within the international community is very important
  Zhao Lei came back to write the text with emotion, deeply felt the complexity of the image of China as well as the urgency of enhancing China's image. There are two main problems: first, the Chinese view of themselves and the world's perception of China is a huge gap between. In many cases, the Chinese believe they are doing the right thing, but the international community is that China is doing bad things. For example, in Africa, we helped some countries to build large-scale hydropower project, has been a local and international environmental organizations strongly opposed. Secondly, the international community is still relatively unknown in China, which led to a misunderstanding of China, or even fear. Some Western countries to China are always defined as a strange, wonderful world, use their imagination to define China.
So not only is the National Image of China to change the views of other countries, but also promote Chinese people view the world, such as the same thing, we think is a good thing, but may do so many foreign Minzhongbingbu Ren Ke, So to understand how they think is important, so as to achieve the so-called values of the output.


                Germany's success: an inclusive culture + patience + output + = a good objective and true image of the country
  BBC survey at the national image of Germany has been reelected for two consecutive years champion, while in the U.S. "Time" magazine poll, held in Germany is ranked second after Japan.
Good national image of a country than a lot of people agree that the country is willing to come to life, and in fact is the case in Germany. When this year's World Cup, energetic Germany took third place one stroke, most impressive thing is supporting "immigration teams" in the squad of 23 players, 11 of which did not of German origin. This is because the immigrants from primary to university in Germany to enjoy all the free education and many other benefits, can be fully inclusive, and obtain the identity of identity.
In fact, after World War II, Germany's national image has plummeted, the German people are very patient and improve its image, Germany has committed to a comprehensive and objective presentation of Germany, do not evade the issue, in order to enhance credibility, avoid "publicity" color, a long-term, for people in the world, to expand in Germany in the international political and economic influence. They do not avoid the World War II on the national and the crimes committed by people of the world, which is recognized in Germany was the world's people, and respect for reason. Of course, the Germans also attach importance to the national image advertising, but they more through cultural, organizational, "German Culture", the arts, film and television, book publishing, theater, music, sports, heritage, religion and other fields outside activities, to strengthen cooperation in civil and cultural institutions and cultural propaganda, this is the German efforts. We are familiar with the Goethe Institute, is one good example.
So Germany's experience tells us that a country's image building is a long process, and should be based on comprehensive and objective, to avoid "color publicity." The good practice within a country, and national image also improved.



Conclusion:The Master said: husband so, so far not agree, then the repair since the Wende, they come, his last. Therefore, to enhance national image, or from to find the reasons, to repair cultural, legislative and moral, be possible to establish a specific and vivid, rich and lively national image.
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发表于 2010-8-5 21:57 | 显示全部楼层
LS的最近走火入魔了...
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 楼主| 发表于 2010-8-5 22:12 | 显示全部楼层
回复 2# GENIUS


    这个翻译难度很高诶~
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发表于 2010-8-6 16:49 | 显示全部楼层
回复 3# GENIUS


    你好猛啊,版主应该给你加分的~
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发表于 2010-8-8 11:25 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢支持,有的地方翻译的不是特别准确,请原谅
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发表于 2010-8-12 19:55 | 显示全部楼层
回复 3# GENIUS


    天哪,你是英语专业吗?太强悍啦!相比之下,自愧不如啊~
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