Art of Science 2009 Gallery

风达

30# 风达

Metadherin Expression at 10.5 Days Post Conception
Halley Mellor (graduate student)
Department of Molecular Biology
The transformation of a fertilized egg into a functional organism requires an intricate pattern of signaling within and between the cells of the growing animal. Cancer can result later in life when these same tools are co-opted by a cell in order to escape the normal restrictions on growth.
Our lab works to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind breast-cancer metastasis. Metadherin (MTDH) plays a dual role in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. A recent study published by members of the Kang lab has shown that this gene is overexpressed in greater than 40 percent of breast cancers and contributes to the poor clinical prognosis of these women. A transgenic mouse line was generated to study MTDH in greater detail. The production of an enzyme used to mark expression was placed under the control of the MTDH regulatory elements. This commonly used strategy allows the visualization of expression of a gene of interest.

Shown is an embryo that has been stained such that the blue coloration indicates areas where MTDH is expressed during embryonic development at 10.5 days after conception. Expression is seen in the brain and spine rudiments, limb buds, and the heart.

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31# 风达

OERSTED Torch Plasma
Bob Sorenson
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
A plasma generated by an inductively coupled source to be used to ionize samples on Mars for spectroscopic analysis.

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32# 风达

Uncovering Lost Painting of Vincent van Gogh
Andrei Brasoveanu '09 (undergraduate) and Ingrid Daubechies (faculty)
Department of Mathematics, Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics
Around 1885, Vincent van Gogh painted the portrait of a woman and then later reused this canvas, painting over her portrait to create "Pasture in Bloom," a painting found today in the Kroller-Muller Museum in Otterlo, The Netherlands.
Following X-ray and chemical analysis performed at a laboratory in Delft, The Netherlands, a fragment of the original portrait was revealed. Our work was to first reconstruct digitally the gray-scale version of this portrait, by registering it to the pasture painting, by identifying and removing grass and flower traces, and by filling in the regions lacking content. Afterward, we needed to bring the portrait to life by coloring it using local pigment information and color distributions from similar portraits produced in the same period by the artist.

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33# 风达

Starbursts Left on Surface by High Voltage Breakdown
Daniel Lundberg (graduate student)
Program in Plasma Physics
This image, taken with an electron microscope, is of a niobium plate. To investigate the effects of impure particles on superconducting cavities for accelerators, small vanadium particles were deposited on the plate, which was then charged with several kilovolts relative to a nearby electrode. The intense electric fields that formed on the sharp edges of the vanadium particles caused them initiate high voltage breakdown. Plasma was created, and as it expanded and dissipated, it left behind complex starburst patterns on the surface.

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34# 风达

Solar Cell Cosmos
R. R. Lunt '09
Department of Chemical Engineering
Organic electronics is an emerging field that holds promise for low-cost photovoltaic applications. This image of annealed organic solar cells was taken using an optical microscope with cross-polarizers and a Nomarski filter. The two moon-like circles are metal cathodes which define the active area of the device. Thermal annealing of these thin-film devices often leads to improved power conversion efficiency. In this case, however, annealing at a temperature near the melting point of one of the constituent components led to the formation of device-ruining ridges and valleys.

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35# 风达

Unexpected formation
Noah T. Jafferis
Department of Electrical Engineering
Silicon "nanorods" found after deposition of silicon nanoparticles from acetone suspension. The image is approximately 240 microns wide.

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36# 风达

Meter-long Plasma Source
Erik Gilson
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab
This photograph shows the view along the beamline axis of a meter-long plasma source designed to be placed in the path of an intense ion beam so that the ions can "grab" plasma electrons and become charge-neutral. A charge-neutral ion beam can be compressed to a small spot to heat a target. The plasma source is not on in this photograph and the natural illumination is from a hot ion source visible in the center. The interior of the three-inch-diameter plasma source is lined with perforated steel sheets held in place by thin wires and small screws that can be seen in the photograph.

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37# 风达

Spiral Confusion
Nikolce Gjorevski
Department of Chemical Engineering
Epithelial organs such as the lungs, kidneys and mammary glands achieve their tree-like architecture through a process known as branching morphogenesis.
The mechanisms by which the branching patterns form are unknown. A recent study identified variations in the concentration of inhibitory chemicals, determined by the geometry of the tissue, as a factor in the patterning of the mammary gland. Our group implicated mechanical stress, which also depends upon tissue geometry, as another regulator of the process.

We used micropatterning techniques to generate mouse mammary tissue shaped in a spiral and embedded in a 3-D collagen gel. This spiral geometry imposes contradictory branching cues on the cells: high stress and high concentration at the center. The cells are confused. Which cue will they follow? Will they branch or not? The nuclei of the cells (in red) and the phase contrast image are superimposed.

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38# 风达

Pearlite Tiger
MSE 302 Class, Fall 2006
Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM)
We unexpectedly found this very Princetonian creature while doing a scanning electron microscopy lab in MSE 302, Laboratory Techniques in Materials Science and Engineering.
In this particular experiment, we were studying the effects of cooling rate on the structures and properties in low carbon steels. One of the important effects is a change in the microstructure which can be observed by appropriate sample preparation and microscopy. The expected structure upon slow cooling from high temperature to room temperature features randomly oriented regions or "grains" of striped materials known as pearlite and regions of smooth material known as ferrite. The coarseness and size of these grains depend primarily on the amount of carbon and the rate at which the sample is cooled.

In the center of the image (magnified by ~5500 times) one sees a particular grain of pearlite that happens to be in a shape resembling a proud tiger. The tiger is approximately 10 microns long and 5 microns tall at the shoulder, or about 1/10 the width of a human hair.

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39# 风达

Precursor in Blue
Anatoly Spitkovsky (faculty)
Department of Astrophysics
Collisions of clouds of plasma in space are a violent affair. They launch shock waves, generate magnetic fields, and accelerate particles. This image shows the structure of magnetic turbulence near a collisionless shock in space. The shock is moving down in this picture, and accelerated particles that escape ahead of the shock inflate pockets of plasma, called a precursor.

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40# 风达

Mixed Berries
Anthony Ambrosini (graduate student)
Department of Molecular Biology (Enquist Lab)
Fluorescence micrograph of an assay for cell fusion. Pig kidney cells were labeled with two different dyes (red, green) and mixed together to grow on a plastic dish. The cells were then infected with a strain of pseudo-rabies virus with a fluorescently labeled virus component (a capsid protein fused to cyan fluorescent protein, rendered as blue in this image). If spread of infection caused cell fusion, we would expect to see yellow-orange cells as green and red dyes mixed together.

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41# 风达

The Eye of Carnegie Lake
Stephen Hiltner
Friends of Princeton Open Space (FOPOS)
This photograph, showing an image roughly three feet wide and taken on Lake Carnegie in January, 2009, is part of an informal study of the patterns water assumes as it freezes. The study is inspired by the way water freezes in plant-shape forms on car windows and greenhouse walls. Here, the ice has assumed a shape reminiscent of an eye -- a dark pupil with rays of the iris radiating outward. The question hovering behind this study is "Are the similar shapes, taken from biological and chemical realms, related in the forces that caused their creation?"

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42# 风达

Nonlinear Crystal
Dmitry V. Dylov '10 (undergraduate), and Jason W. Fleischer (faculty)
Department of Electrical Engineering
This initially clear crystal became grainy and wrinkled after interaction with incident light. This phenomenon is called "modulation instability" and it results from nonlinear interaction between electromagnetic waves and matter.

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43# 风达

Something Really Hot (1)
Dmitry V. Dylov '10, and Dmitrij Sokolov
Department of Electrical Engineering
When extremely intense laser radiation hits the golden foil (dense vertical strip in the middle of the frame), some interesting things start to happen. First of all, the gold ionizes - it turns into some hot plasma-like mess; then, the laser keeps on drifting through the foil forming a channel of insanely charged particles. And eventually, having all its energy given up to the medium, the radiation traps itself in the beautiful golden bubbles. The whole process of the bubble formation is useful for acceleration of the high-energy ion beams. These beams are being actively implemented in medical centers around the world to treat cancer by cauterizing tumor cells.

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44# 风达

Chinese Painting
Hongzheng Jin (graduate student) and James Sturm (faculty)
Department of Electrical Engineering
This image looks like a partially-decomposed traditional Chinese painting showing a young boy (in the middle of the painting) walking to the right and an old farmer with white beard in traditional raincoat made from palm fiber (middle-bottom).
In reality this is an optical micrograph of an organic light-emitting display (OLED, the next generation display technology) pixel with a dimension of 450 microns x 300 microns. When this image was captured, the OLED pixel had been lit for some time and the organic light-emitting layer had burned out (left part of the photo).

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45# 风达

Rain in the Window Pane
Stephane Kena-Cohen (graduate student), and Kale Franz (graduate student)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Interference contrast microscope photo of an anthracene crystal grown from solution. The striations clearly separate the different single crystal domains. These crystals are centimeters long along the growth direction and fractions of a millimeter wide.

风达

46# 风达

Rain in the Window Pane
Stephane Kena-Cohen (graduate student), and Kale Franz (graduate student)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Interference contrast microscope photo of an anthracene crystal grown from solution. The striations clearly separate the different single crystal domains. These crystals are centimeters long along the growth direction and fractions of a millimeter wide.

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47# 风达

Farallon plate
Karin Sigloch *08
University of Munich, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
This is a three-dimensional structure of the Earth's mantle under western North America, down to a depth of 1500 kilometers.
Seismic tomography uses waves generated by naturally occurring, strong earthquakes to probe and "illuminate" the planet's deep interior. Hundreds of thousands of measurements were combined to create this 3-D reconstruction, using algorithms similar to those that deliver 3-D images of the human body in medical tomography.

The Pacific coastlines and mountainous western states are plotted above an expansive, seismically fast structure, colored in purple, known as the Farallon plate. It is a vast piece of ancient ocean floor that has been slowly sinking back into the mantle over the past 150 million years. The tectonic stresses caused by the Farallon's movements deep underground have thrust up the mountain peaks and plateaus of the West. They continue to drive its volcanoes and earthquakes, thus shaping the surface appearance of an entire continent.

风达

2009年的发完了
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个人比较喜欢8、11、22、32、37张
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风达再厚道一点...就把英文翻译一下...